The future of hydrogen foreword page 1 foreword this is a critical year for hydrogen. Like a battery, a fuel cell has two electrodes, one negative the anode and the other positive the cathode surrounding an electrolyte. This new edition covers new hydrogen developments in technology, oil supplies and new drilling techniques, latest information on hydrogen highway projects, breakthroughs in fuel. The development and use of sustainable and alternative fuels syngas, biogas, biodiesel, biooil, hydrogen derived from sources other than petroleum is needed due to the limited fossil fuel resources, the need for reduction of atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions, energy security, and to meet the future high energy demand due to population growth. Hydrogen, when used in a fuel cell to provide electricity, is an emissionsfree alternative fuel produced from diverse energy sources. Despite the hype around the progress of renewable energy, many people dont realize that solar and wind have only made a tiny dent in the energy mix thus far. This will remove a barrier to the uptake of alternative fuel vehicles, which will reduce dependence on oil and the environmental impact of transport, while contributing to a. Lpg is currently the most widely used alternative fuel in europe, accounting for 3% of the fuel for cars and powering 5 million cars. We maintain the data on the lesserused fuels in the database for possible future use. But experts are turning more of their attention to alternative sources of liquid transportation fuels, as concerns mount about u. It also indicates any technology of engine powering that does not entail solely petroleum such as solar powered, electric car or hybrid electric vehicles. Hydrogen is not a fuel in the conventional sense, as it must be manufactured using primary energy resources. It has lost the battle in cars, but may hold some hope for electric aircraft and storage. The future of hydrogen international energy agency.
The approach assesses how well six alternative fuels perform compared to lng fuel on a set of 11 key parameters. Gas engines are providing a wide range of fuel flexibility from burning natural gas and a variety of non natural gaseous fuels from low british thermal unit btu gases as well as gases containing a high hydrogen content. Not widely used today as a transportation fuel not occur free in nature in useful quantities, but it is manufactured in a number of ways. Clean cities alternative fuel price report, january 2020. Nuclear power developed a stigma following the fukushima and chernobyl disasters, but the energy source has come a long way in safety, technology and output.
Hydrogen containing gases can be found as byproduct from steel furnace gas or chemical process, or alternatively hydrogen is produced. Unlike hydrogen, compressed air is about onetenth as expensive as fossil fuel, making it an economically attractive alternative fuel. Implementing the presidents hydrogen fuel initiative. Fuel of the future rachel chamousis abstract hydrogen is an energy carrier that can transform our fossilfuel dependent economy into a hydrogen economy, which can provide an emissionsfree transportation fuel. Fuel cells are among the least utilized of alternative fuel applications, as the technology is still being refined and developed, and thus is very expensive. A potentially emissionsfree alternative fuel produced from domestic resources.
Bush launched the hydrogen fuel initiative, which envisions a future hydrogen economy for the united states. Fuels to drive our future the national academies press. In power generation, hydrogen is one of the leading options for. In the future, a hydrogen infrastructure is likely to be set up for heavy duty vehicles, and in the water and air transportation, which might enable an easy addition of fuel stations for personal. Liquefied hydrogen could be used in future shipping applications. Although the idea of hydrogen as a widely used fuel source to power cars and generate electricity is a relatively new concept in response to seeking an alternative to oil, hydrogen fuel cells actually predate the internal combustion engine.
In buildings, hydrogen could be blended into existing natural gas networks, with the highest potential in multifamily and commercial buildings, particularly in dense cities while longerterm prospects could include the direct use of hydrogen in hydrogen boilers or fuel cells. As such, it has similarities to electricity, but it differs from electricity in. Shortage of cheap oil a driver for a paradigm shift. An alternative fuel, most generally defined, is any fuel other than the traditional selections, gasoline and diesel, used to produce energy or power. Hydrogen as an alternative fuel young scientists journal. Revised and updated, alternative fuels addresses many of the factors affecting our energy use, including the availability and desirability of various fuels especially the use of hydrogen. On the technology front, hydrogen, a clean energy carrier. Current and future total cost of ownership of fuelpowertrain alternatives in longhaul trucks. Lessons learned for hydrogen workshop to gather input on the role of refueling infrastructure in introducing alternative fuel vehicles afvs and how lessons from past experiences can inform ongoing and future efforts to commercialize hydrogen vehicles. Future and challenges icafee2018 edited by abdelaziz atabani, gopalakrishnan kumar. By integrating a hydrogen fuel cell with batteries and the control system with strategies, one can produce a sustainable hybrid car. Pdf the future of hydrogenopportunities and challenges. It is enjoying unprecedented momentum around the world and could finally be set on a path to fulfil its longstanding potential as a clean energy solution. The future of methanol fuel vfff the franke institute.
Hydrogen fuel cells create electricity by splitting electrons from hydrogen molecules. Tammy klein provides market and policy intelligence with unique insight and analysis drawn from her global network in the fuels industry through the consulting services she provides and the membershipbased future fuels outlook service. The two fuels that will largely power us for the next 20, maybe 30, years are already here. Fuels and vehicle technology alternative fuels strategies. The uncertain future of hydrogen as transportation energy. The goal is to produce energy using hydrogen fuel cells. Under the presidents hydrogen fuel initiative, the doe hydrogen program works in partnership with industry, academia, national laboratories, and other. This new edition covers new hydrogen developments in technology, oil supplies and new drilling techniques, latest information on hydrogen highway projects, breakthroughs in fuel cell. Alternative fuels the future of hydrogen this page intentionally left blank alternative fuels the future of hydro. Currently, drivers of lightduty fuel cell electric vehicles fcevs can fuel up at retail stations in less than 5 minutes and obtain a driving range of more than 300 miles. Hydrogen fuel cellshydrogen fuel cells use a chemical processwith hydrogen as the main fuelthat produces electricity to power an electric motor with water as a byproduct. Hydrogen as an alternative fuel sustaining our world.
Revised and updated, alternative fuels addresses many of the factors affecting our energy use, including the availability and desirability of various fuelsespecially the use of hydrogen. The emissions impact and energy output provided by alternative fuels varies, depending on the fuel source. The clean cities alternative fuel price report afpr is a quarterly report designed to keep clean cities coalitions and other. The 3rd international conference on alternative fuels, energy and environment. Merewether abstract fuel cells are important future sources of electrical power and could contribute to a reduction in the amount of petro leum imported by the united states. There are many problems hindering the use of hydrogen as an alternative fuel, but many technologies are already being developed to overcome these. Hydrogen fuel cell technology for the sustainable future of. Further information on grid electrolysis and the its future on sustainable hydrogen production can be found in refs.
Dan sperling november, 2012 fall quarter 2012 energy and environmental aspects of transportation civil and environmental engineering eci 163 environmental science and policy esp 163. Theres a common refrain used to dismiss the viability of hydrogen as an alternative fuel. Alternative fuels and technologies for greener shipping dnv gl maritime 3. The future of methanol fuel an analysis on the feasibility of methanol as an alternative fuel december 4th, 2015 team 1 peter huang, hongyi ju, shao tan, hao wang, tony zhao. Although the idea of hydrogen as a widely used fuel source to power cars and generate electricity is a relatively new concept in response to seeking an alternative to oil, hydrogen fuel cells actually predate the internal combustion engine, which was invented in. While the latter two options are energy storage media, hydrogen is a fuel which generates no co 2 or so x emissions to the. Tr anspor tation, petroleum use, and alter natives guest lecture. But hydrogen stands apart as a promising alternative energy source.
The cleanest fuel is hydrogen that is produced using regenerative energy. The future of hydrogen, third edition crc press book revised and updated, alternative fuels addresses many of the factors affecting our energy use, including the availability and desirability of various fuelsespecially the use of hydrogen. A tank feeds hydrogen to the anode, where a catalyst separates the protons from the electrons. This paper looks at an alternative source of energy to hydrocarbons. This year, the company will roll out a beta test of 20 cars in. Grid electrolysisbased hydrogen production is currently seen as the most convenient option during transition to hydrogen fueled vehicles e. Comparison between alternative hydrogen production pathways. She is an expert on conventional, biofuels and alternative fuels. Research and commercial efforts are under way to expand the limited. Fuels and vehicle technology us department of transportation. Why hydrogen fuel cells should power the future robb report.
The air engine is an emissionfree piston engine using compressed air as fuel. Because of its very low energy density, its storage volume is large. Hydrogen as an alternative fuel oregon state university. Alternative energy oregon state university abstract. Hydrogen is an energy carrier that can be used in internal combustion engines or fuel cells producing virtually no greenhouse gas emissions when combusted with oxygen. Factors such as cost, fuel distribution, emissions, vehicle systems analysis, energy storage, power and propulsion systems, and advanced power electronics are just some of the considerations in phasing in alternative fuels and advanced vehicle design. Revised and updated, alternative fuels addresses many of the factors affecting our energy use, including the availability and desirability of various fuels. An alternative fuel vehicle may be defined as a vehicle that is powered by any fuel other than the conventional petroleum fuels diesel or petrol.
Physics, technology and the future may 2016 5 hydrogen has been proposed as an energy carrier for more than 40 years. Hydrogen has the potential to be a very efficient clean energy source in the future especially if its use can be adapted for applications which have the greatest energy demands such as transport. Alternative fuels like solar, wind, geothermal and hydroelectric utilities are growing fast. Hydrogen and energy have a long shared history powering the first internal combustion. Alternative sources of energy an introduction to fuel cells. The good news is that costs are coming down and many people are starting to adopt green technologies, but there is still a mountain to climb if we want to truly. The core infrastructure is established, with over 27,000 public filling stations. This new edition covers new hydrogen developments in. The american love affair with the automobile is powered by gasoline and diesel fuel, both produced from petroleum. The future of fuel what the future holds for the uks mains gas network. As an avid researcher of alternative fuels and an ambitious chemistry student, this researcher understands the importance of a shift to a hydrogen economy.
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